In times when climate change is increasing the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events, the issue of flood protection is becoming increasingly relevant. Floods can have devastating effects on homes and their inhabitants. In this article, you will learn what factors lead to flooding and what preventive measures you can take as a homeowner to protect your home.
Key Takeaways
Flooding is often caused by heavy rainfall, river overflows, and overloaded sewer systems, especially in urban areas.
Climate change increases the risk of flooding due to more frequent extreme weather events and rising sea levels.
Homeowners should proactively implement flood protection measures, such as installing backflow valves, spillbarriers, and seals to minimize damage.
Causes of flooding
Floods are caused by a variety of factors. Here are the main causes with some key figures:
- Heavy rainfall: Up to 200 liters per square meter of precipitation in a short time.
- Sealed surfaces: In urban areas, soil cannot absorb water, leading to backups and flooding.
- Sea level rise: Storm surges are intensified by rising sea levels.
- Loss of floodplains: Over 85% of natural floodplains in Germany have been destroyed.
Floods can occur for a variety of reasons and often have devastating effects on people and nature. One of the most common causes is:
- Heavy rainfall, where large amounts of rain fall in a short period of time
- The ground cannot absorb the water quickly enough, leading to surface runoff
- This can be particularly problematic in urban areas where the ground is highly sealed
Another major cause of flooding is river overflow. When water levels in rivers rise due to heavy rainfall or rapid snowmelt, they can overflow their banks and flood large areas. This is exacerbated by a lack of retention facilities and insufficient space for the water to spread out.
The sewer system also plays an important role. During severe storms, it can quickly become overloaded, leading to backups and flooding in urban areas. The geographical characteristics of a catchment area, such as size, slope, and shape, determine the time it takes for precipitation to reach water bodies and thus influence the occurrence of flooding.
Climate change further exacerbates this situation. Areas that were previously less affected by flooding are now at greater risk. Sea level rise and the increase in extreme weather events are contributing significantly to this. Human activities, such as development and soil sealing, increase the likelihood and severity of flooding events and the resulting damage.
Effects of climate change on flood risk
Climate change is increasing the risk of flooding worldwide. Here are some alarming facts:
- More intense precipitation: With each degree of warming, the atmosphere can hold about 7% more moisture, leading to heavier rainfall.
- Sea level rise: In recent decades, sea level has risen by about 20 cm, significantly increasing the risk of coastal flooding.
- More frequent heavy rainfall events: In Germany, almost every location experienced at least one heavy rainfall event between 2001 and 2019.
- Economic damage: Flooding is among the most expensive natural disasters worldwide. In Australia alone, floods caused over $10 billion in damage in 2022.
Climate change has far-reaching effects on the frequency and intensity of flooding events. Research shows that extreme precipitation events will increase, which correlates directly with a higher risk of flooding. Rising global temperatures lead to more moisture in the atmosphere, resulting in heavier rainfall and thus increased flooding.
In Germany, around 400,000 people are expected to be exposed to a high risk of flooding in the coming years. Settlements in valleys or near rivers are particularly at risk, as they are directly affected by rising water levels. This change not only has an impact on human safety, but also on the economic use of the affected areas, such as agriculture.
The increase in extreme weather events, such as intense storms and prolonged rainfall, contributes significantly to flood risks. An important factor here are low-pressure systems, which absorb moisture over warm seas and transport it towards Central and Eastern Europe. These phenomena are particularly noticeable in winter, when floods now occur around four to eight days earlier than before.
The consequences are serious: Flooding is the greatest threat posed by natural hazards, affecting more people than any other natural disaster. Comprehensive flood protection and preventive measures are essential to counter this threat.
Flood protection for homeowners
To protect themselves effectively against flooding, homeowners must ensure that they have adequate flood protection measures in place. These measures can significantly reduce the risk of damage and offer protection for property and residents. There are various approaches that are appropriate depending on the individual situation and flood risk.
One of the basic measures is the installation of backflow valves, which prevent water from flowing back into the house from the sewer system. In addition, flood protection walls and barriers, as well as waterproofing basements and walls, can provide crucial protection.
These measures are explained in detail below.
Installation of backflow valves
Backflow valves are one of the most important protective measures against flooding, especially in urban areas with overloaded sewer systems. These valves function as one-way valves that prevent water from flowing back into the house from the sewer system. When water pressure in the sewer increases, they close automatically, thus protecting against flooding.
Backflow valves are invaluable, especially during heavy rainfall. They prevent sewage from entering basement rooms, which can often cause significant damage. A backflow valve can thus effectively prevent water from entering the house from the sewer system and contributes significantly to the safety of the house.
It is important that backflow valves are installed by a professional and regularly maintained to ensure they function properly. Many insurers even offer discounts to homeowners who have installed such protective measures. This underlines the importance and benefits of this measure in the context of flood protection and safety.
Flood protection: walls and barriers
Step 1: Fluid intake
Firstly, incoming liquid is completely absorbed by all openings in the spillbarrier.
Step 2: Automatic triggering
The spillbarrier is triggered solely by the collection of the leaking liquid in the spillbarrier tray and floats up.
Step 3: Sealing & Retention
Finally, springs fold the spillbarrier into the upright and completely sealed closed position.
Flood protection walls and barriers also offer effective protection against flooding. There are two main types: fixed and mobile barriers.
Spillbarriers are permanent structures that are specifically designed to prevent water from entering. They offer long-term security and are ideal for areas that are regularly threatened by flooding.
Mobile flood protection barriers, on the other hand, can be installed quickly and offer temporary protection, especially in the event of sudden flooding. They are flexible and allow for a rapid response to impending floods, making them a valuable addition to flood protection measures.
In new buildings, flood protection should be planned from the outset. Water barriers such as walls and earth walls can effectively prevent water from entering. Professional installation and regular maintenance are crucial to ensure the functionality of the protective barriers in emergency situations.
Sealing basements and walls
Sealing basements and walls is another important measure to prevent water from entering the building structure. Special sealants and membranes can be used to waterproof basement walls and floors. These materials are designed to repel water and prevent moisture from entering.
To prevent water from entering basement rooms, windows and doors should be fitted with special seals to close off potential entry points. This is particularly important during heavy rainfall, when the water pressure on the building envelope increases. Water-pressure-tight doors and windows can also provide effective protection.
Sealing can be done from both the inside and outside, with internal methods usually being more cost-effective. However, it is important that these measures are carried out professionally in order to achieve the best possible protective effect. Entrances and walls can also be protected by door seals and waterproof skirting boards.
Precautionary measures in case of heavy rain and storms
Heavy rain and storms can lead to flooding within a very short time. It is therefore important to take preventive measures to minimize damage. Excessive rainfall leads to surface runoff when the ground cannot absorb the water quickly enough. Urban areas are particularly at risk, as impervious surfaces prevent water absorption.
Homeowners should focus on individual flood protection measures tailored to the specific conditions of their homes. These include structural changes and technical systems that prevent water from entering. For example, movable objects outdoors can be secured to prevent damage from flying debris.
The design of urban areas can also contribute to flood prevention. Green roofs and rainwater management are successful examples of how urban vegetation can increase water retention. Such measures not only help to reduce flooding, but also improve the urban microclimate.
Insurance coverage against flood damage
Disclaimer: The insurance information provided in this article is general in nature and subject to change. It is recommended that you consult an insurance professional for specific advice and up-to-date information, as laws and insurance terms and conditions may vary.
Insurance coverage is an important pillar of flood prevention. There are special insurance policies that specifically cover flood damage, including residential building and household contents insurance. When choosing a suitable insurance policy, factors such as deductibles and coverage amounts should be taken into account.
Before taking out insurance, it is important to check the exact terms and conditions and exclusions in the contract documents. Here are a few points to keep in mind:
- Damage caused by storm surges is not automatically included in home contents insurance.
- Damage caused by groundwater is also not covered as standard.
- It makes sense to choose an additional insurance option for natural hazards in order to be more comprehensively protected.
By considering these points, you can ensure that you choose the right insurance for your needs.
A flood is defined as the inundation of land with large amounts of surface water. Flood damage is only insured if an additional option for other natural hazards is selected. Comprehensive insurance can therefore provide financial protection and facilitate recovery after a flood event.
Municipal and state assistance for flood damage
In addition to individual measures and insurance, support from local authorities and the state also plays an important role in dealing with flood damage. The federal government is helping the affected states and municipalities to repair the damage and restore infrastructure. Funds such as “Aufbauhilfe 2021” (Reconstruction Aid 2021) have been set up to provide financial support for reconstruction in flood-hit areas.
In addition to direct financial support, there are:
- tax deferrals and relief for those affected
- special loans and guarantees for companies to quickly secure their liquidity
- a disaster fund that has been increased to one billion euros to ensure rapid assistance for those affected
The European Solidarity Fund is providing funds to support reconstruction. Applications for reconstruction aid can be submitted online, with evidence of the damage and the costs of reconstruction required. These comprehensive measures show that the community is standing together to mitigate the effects of flood damage.
Tips for flood prevention
Effective flood prevention begins with simple but effective measures. Water-permeable materials such as turf or grass pavers can be used to prevent soil sealing. Rain barrels or cisterns can be used as water storage tanks to collect water during heavy rainfall. These measures reduce surface runoff and contribute to flood prevention.
It is important to check backflow valves in the basement regularly to prevent damage.
Sealing windows, doors, and drainage openings is an essential measure for flood prevention.
Switching off electrical appliances and heaters in vulnerable rooms in good time can also protect against electric shocks.
After a flood, it is crucial to act quickly to avoid financial losses and health risks caused by mold growth. Here are some important steps you should take:
- Document the damage with photos to facilitate the settlement of claims with insurance companies.
- Consult experts to assess and repair technical equipment and possible consequential damage.
- Prepare for flooding by creating an emergency plan.
These tips offer valuable support in preparing for and responding to flooding.
Summary
In summary, comprehensive flood preparedness and prevention measures are crucial to ensuring the safety of homes and their occupants. The causes of flooding are manifold and are further exacerbated by climate change. Homeowners can take effective protective measures by installing backflow valves, flood walls and barriers, and waterproofing basements and walls.
Preventive measures in the event of heavy rain and storms, appropriate insurance, and support from local and state authorities offer additional protection and assistance. With the right precautions and a comprehensive understanding of flood risks, homeowners can better protect their properties and minimize the impact of flooding. Act now and protect your home from the dangers of flooding.
FAQ
Why is it important to install backflow valves?
The installation of backflow valves is important because they prevent sewage from entering the house, especially during heavy rainfall or when the sewers are overloaded. This protects your property from significant water damage.
What measures can homeowners take to protect themselves against flooding?
Homeowners should install backflow valves, erect flood protection walls and barriers, and waterproof basements and walls to protect themselves effectively against flooding. Preventive measures in the event of heavy rain and storms are also recommended.
How does climate change affect the frequency and intensity of floods?
Climate change increases the frequency and intensity of flooding due to more extreme weather events, particularly heavy rainfall and storms. These changes lead to a significant increase in flood risk.
What support do local authorities and the state offer in the event of flood damage?
Local authorities and the state offer financial support, tax relief, and special loans for restoration after flood damage. Special funds are also available for reconstruction.
What insurance options are available against flood damage?
Disclaimer: The insurance information provided in this article is general in nature and subject to change. It is recommended that you consult an insurance professional for specific advice and up-to-date information, as laws and insurance terms and conditions may vary.
There are special insurance policies, such as home and contents insurance, that cover flood damage, although additional natural hazard insurance is often required.
