At a time when climate change is increasing the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events, the issue of flood protection is becoming ever more relevant. Flooding can have devastating effects on homes and their inhabitants. In this article, you will find out what factors lead to flooding and what preventative measures you can take as a homeowner to protect your home.
Key Takeaways
Flooding is often caused by heavy rainfall, river overflows and overloaded sewer systems, especially in urban areas.
Climate change is increasing the risk of flooding due to more extreme weather events and rising sea levels.
Homeowners should be proactive about flood protection, such as installing backwater flaps, spillbarriers and seals to minimize damage.
Causes of flooding
Floods can occur for various reasons and often have devastating effects on people and nature. One of the most common causes is:
Heavy rain, where large amounts of rain fall in a short period of time
The soil cannot absorb the water quickly enough, which leads to surface runoff
In urban areas, where soil sealing is high, this can be particularly problematic
River overflows are another major cause of flooding. When water levels in rivers rise due to heavy rainfall or rapid snowmelt, they can burst their banks and flood large areas. This is exacerbated by a lack of retention facilities and insufficient space for the watercourses to overflow.
The sewer system also plays an important role. During heavy storms, they can quickly become overloaded, leading to backwater and flooding in urban areas. The geographical characteristics of a catchment area, such as size, gradient and shape, determine the time it takes for precipitation to reach bodies of water and thus influence the occurrence of flooding.
Climate change is further exacerbating this situation. Areas that were previously less affected by flooding are now at greater risk. Rising sea levels and the increase in extreme weather events are contributing significantly to this. Human activities, such as building development and soil sealing, increase the probability and course of flood events and the resulting damage.
Effects of climate change on the risk of flooding
Climate change is increasing the risk of flooding worldwide. Here are some alarming facts:
- More intense precipitation: For every degree of warming, the atmosphere can store around 7% more moisture, which leads to heavier rainfall.
- Sea level rise: Sea levels have risen by around 20 cm in recent decades, which significantly increases the risk of coastal flooding.
- More frequent heavy rain events: In Germany, almost every location was affected by heavy rain between 2001 and 2019.
- Economic damage: Floods are among the most expensive natural disasters worldwide. In Australia, they caused damage of over $10 billion in 2022 alone.
Climate change has far-reaching effects on the frequency and intensity of flood events. Research shows that extreme precipitation events will increase, which correlates directly with a higher risk of flooding. Rising global temperatures lead to more moisture in the atmosphere, which results in heavier rainfall and thus increased flooding.
In Germany, around 400,000 people are expected to be exposed to a high flood risk in the coming years. Settlements in valleys or near rivers are particularly at risk, as they are directly affected by rising water levels. This change not only has an impact on people’s safety, but also on the economic use of the affected areas, such as agriculture.
The increase in extreme weather events, such as intense storms and prolonged rain, contributes significantly to the risk of flooding. An important factor here are low-pressure areas that absorb moisture via warm seas and transport it towards Central and Eastern Europe. These phenomena are particularly noticeable in winter, when floods now occur around four to eight days earlier than before.
The consequences are serious: floods pose the greatest threat from natural hazards, affecting more people than other natural disasters. Comprehensive flood protection and precautionary measures are essential to counter this threat.
Flood protection for homeowners
In order to effectively protect against flooding, it is essential for homeowners to ensure suitable flood protection. These measures can significantly reduce the risk of damage and provide protection for property and residents. There are various approaches that make sense depending on the individual situation and flood risk.
One of the basic measures is the installation of backflow flaps, which prevent water from the sewer system from flowing back into the house. In addition, flood protection barriers and the sealing of basements and walls can provide decisive protective functions.
These measures are explained in detail below.
Installation of spillbarriers
Spillbarriers are one of the most important protective measures against flooding, especially in urban areas with overloaded sewer systems. These flaps function as valves that only open in one direction and prevent water from flowing back into the house from the sewer system. When the water pressure in the sewer increases, they close automatically and thus protect against flooding.
Spillbarriers are invaluable, especially during heavy rainfall events. They prevent sewage from entering cellar rooms, which can often lead to considerable damage. A backwater valve can therefore effectively prevent the ingress of water from the sewer system and makes a significant contribution to the safety of the house.
It is important that the installation of backflow flaps is carried out professionally and maintained regularly to ensure their functionality. Many insurers even offer discounts to homeowners who have installed such protective measures. This underlines the importance and benefits of this measure as part of flood prevention and protection.
Flood protection: Spillbarriers
Step 1: Fluid intake
First, incoming liquid is completely absorbed by all openings in the Spillbarrier.
Step 2: Automatic release
The Spillbarrier is triggered by the collection of leaking liquid in the liquid Spillbarrier tray and floats up.
Step 3: Seal & Retain
Finally, springs fold the Spillbarrier into an upright and tightly closed position.
Flood protection walls and barriers also provide effective protection against flooding. There are two main types: fixed and mobile barriers. Fixed flood barriers are permanent structures specifically designed to prevent water ingress. They provide long-term security and are ideal for areas that are regularly threatened by flooding.
Mobile flood protection barriers, on the other hand, can be installed quickly and offer temporary protection, especially in the event of sudden floods. They are flexible and enable a rapid response to impending floods, making them a valuable addition to flood protection.
Flood protection should be planned into new buildings from the outset. Water barriers such as walls and earth walls can effectively prevent water from entering. Professional installation and regular maintenance are crucial to ensure the functionality of the protective barriers in emergency situations.
Waterproofing cellars and walls
Waterproofing basements and walls is another important measure to prevent water from penetrating the building structure. Special sealants and membranes can be used to waterproof basement walls and floors. These materials are designed to repel water and prevent the ingress of moisture.
To prevent water in basements, windows and doors should be fitted with special seals to close potential entry points. This is particularly important during heavy rainfall, when the water pressure on the building envelope increases. Water pressure-tight doors and windows can also provide effective protection.
Sealing can be carried out from the inside or the outside, with internal methods generally being more cost-effective. However, it is important that these measures are carried out professionally in order to achieve the best possible protective effect. Entrances and walls can be additionally protected by sealing doors and waterproofing plinth areas.
Precautionary measures for heavy rain and storms
Heavy rain and storms can lead to flooding in a very short space of time. It is therefore important to take preventative measures to minimize damage. Excessive rainfall leads to surface runoff if the soil cannot absorb the water quickly enough. Urban areas are particularly at risk, as impermeable surfaces prevent water absorption.
Homeowners should focus on individual flood protection that is tailored to the specific circumstances of their homes. This includes structural modifications and technical systems that prevent the ingress of water. For example, movable objects outside can be secured to prevent damage from flying around.
The design of urban areas can also contribute to flood prevention. Green roofs and rainwater design are successful examples of how urban vegetation can increase water retention. Such measures not only help to reduce flooding, but also improve the urban microclimate.
Insurance cover against flood damage
Disclaimer: The insurance information provided in this article is of a general nature and is subject to change. It is recommended that you consult an insurance professional for specific advice and up-to-date information, as laws and insurance conditions may vary.
An important pillar of flood prevention is insurance cover. There are special insurance policies that specifically cover flood damage, including homeowners’ and contents insurance. When choosing a suitable insurance policy, factors such as deductibles and cover amounts should be taken into account.
Before taking out insurance, it is important to check the exact conditions and exclusions in the policy documents. Here are some points you should bear in mind:
Damage caused by storm surges is not automatically included in household contents insurance.
Damage caused by groundwater is also not covered as standard.
It makes sense to choose an additional insurance option for natural hazards in order to be more comprehensively protected.
By taking these points into account, you can ensure that you choose the right insurance for your needs.
Flooding is defined as the inundation of land and soil with large quantities of surface water. Flood damage is only insured if an additional option for other natural hazards is selected. Comprehensive insurance can therefore provide financial protection and facilitate recovery after a flood event.
Municipal and state support for flood damage
In addition to individual measures and insurance, support from local authorities and the state also plays an important role in coping with flood damage. The federal government helps the affected states and municipalities to repair the damage and restore the infrastructure.
In addition to direct financial support, there are:
Tax deferrals and relief for those affected
Special loans and guarantees for companies to secure their liquidity quickly
a disaster fund that has been increased to one billion euros to ensure rapid assistance for those affected
The European Solidarity Fund is providing funding to support reconstruction. The application for reconstruction aid can be submitted online, with proof of damage and reconstruction costs required. These comprehensive measures show that the community is standing together to mitigate the effects of flood damage.
Tips for flood prevention
Effective flood prevention starts with simple but effective measures. Water-permeable materials such as turf or grass pavers can be used to free the ground from sealing . Rain barrels or cisterns can be used as water reservoirs to collect water during heavy rainfall. These measures reduce surface runoff and contribute to flood prevention.
It is important to check backflow flaps in the basement regularly to prevent damage.
Sealing windows, doors and drainage openings is an essential flood prevention measure.
Switching off electrical appliances and heaters in rooms at risk in good time can also protect against electric shocks.
After a flood event, quick action is crucial to avoid financial damage and health risks from mold growth. Here are some important steps you should take:
Documentation of damage using photos to facilitate claims settlement with insurance companies.
Calling in experts to assess and rectify technical systems and possible consequential damage.
Preparation for flood events by drawing up an emergency plan.
These tips provide valuable support in preparing for and responding to flood events.
Summary
In summary, it can be said that comprehensive flood preparedness and prevention is crucial to ensure the safety of homes and their inhabitants. The causes of flooding are manifold and are further exacerbated by climate change. Homeowners can prevent flooding by installing backwater flaps, flood protection barriers and waterproofing basements and walls.
Preventive measures in the event of heavy rain and storms, suitable insurance and support from the local authority and state offer additional protection and assistance. With the right preventative measures and a comprehensive understanding of flood risks, homeowners can better protect their properties and minimize the impact of flood events. Act now and protect your home from the dangers of flooding.
Frequently asked questions
Why is it important to install backflow flaps?
The installation of backflow flaps is important as they prevent sewage from the sewer system from entering the house, especially in the event of heavy rainfall or overloaded sewers. This protects your property from significant water damage.
What measures can homeowners take to protect themselves against flooding?
Homeowners should install backwater flaps, erect flood protection walls and barriers and seal cellars and walls to protect themselves effectively against flooding. Preventive measures in the event of heavy rain and storms are also recommended.
How does climate change influence the frequency and intensity of floods?
Climate change is increasing the frequency and intensity of flooding due to more extreme weather events, particularly heavy rainfall and storms. These changes lead to a significant increase in the risk of flooding.
What support do local authorities and the state offer for flood damage?
The local authorities and the state offer financial support, tax relief and special loans for restoration after flood damage. Special funds are also available for reconstruction.
What insurance options are available against flood damage?
Disclaimer: The insurance information provided in this article is of a general nature and is subject to change. It is recommended that you consult an insurance professional for specific advice and up-to-date information, as laws and insurance conditions may vary.
There are special insurance policies such as homeowners’ and contents insurance that cover flood damage, although additional natural hazard insurance is often required.
